Xeetu jumtukaayi anode yiy soppiku ñooy oxide metal yi, phosphides yi, sulfures yi ak nitrides yi. Ci anam yi electrochimie, mbir yooyu dañuy jàppale forme wala seeylitiumjaaraleko ci wàññi wala oxidation ci weñ yi. Ndax mën nañu bokk ci liggéeyu redox electron yu bari, anode yi sukkandiko ci mbir yooyu dañuy wane kàttan yuñ mëna delloosi yu yegg ba 1000 mA·bg.
FeOl
Rëyaayu seen njëg bu yomb, seen toxisite bu néew, seen reserve naturel yu bari, ak seen kàttan bu rëy ci wàllu theorie, dañu jàngat bu baax macceer oxide de fer muy macceer anode ngir batëri lithium{0}}ion. Kompoññee oxide fer yiñ gëna xam ñooy -Fe2O3, -Fe2O3, ak Fe3O4. Composé yooyu dañuy wane kàttanu theorie buy tollu ci 1007 mA·h/g ak 926 mA·h/g, ci ñoom ñaar. Waaye, oxide fer dafay jànkoonte ak jafe-jafe yu bari ci jëfandikoo gi. Kinetik bu yeex bi ci dem bi ak dikk bi ci electron/ion ak yaatuwaayu/gëna wàññeeku bu metti bi ci diir bi ñuy baamtu charge–decharge dafay indi yàqu-yàqu bu gaaw ci kàttan ak ñakk kàttan ci electrode oxide fer. Rax ci dolli, jumtukaayi oxide fer yu bari dañu am yoonale kuuraŋ bu néew. Ngir saafara jafe-jafe yooyu, gëstukat yi dañu jël pexe yu melni saytu morphologie ak structure, coating carbon, ak defar ay macceer yuñ boole ak substrat yu mëna yóbbu kuuraŋ bu baax. Xeetu gis-gis yooyu dañuy faral di am njariñ ci boole pexe yu bari, te amna yokkute yuñ def.
CoOl
Oxide cobalt (CoO1), lu ci melni Co3O4 ak CoO, jàngat nañu ko bu baax itam ni ay macceer anode ngir batëri lithium{0}}ion ndax seen kàttan bu rëy ci wàllu theorie. CoO1 melni oxide wen, dafay dundu benn jafe-jafe: coppite yu bari ci volume bi ci diiru charge–decharge, yoonale kuuraŋ bu baaxul, ak kinetik bu yeex, te loolu dafay indi yàqu-yàqu bu gaaw ci kàttan ak ñakk stabilite ci welo. Guan ak ñeneen. nanodisk Co3O4 yu am benn faas juróom ñatti faas yuñ defaree oxygen biy njëkkante. Nanodisk yooyu amoon nañu dayo particule bu tollu ci 100–200 nm ba noppi ñuy joxe kàttan buñ mëna delloosi buy tollu ci 474 mA·h/g suñu leen cyclee ci densité courant bu rëy. Resultaa bii dafay wane ni morphologie ak dayo particule yi dañu am njeexital yu am solo ci performance electrochimique bu CoO1. Wang ak ñeneen. defar nano-aiguilles Co3O4 yuñ yaree ci kaw substrat titanium ci jëfandikoo njuréefi hydrothermal. Nanoneedle yooyu bokku ñu ci jëflante bu baax ak collector courant bi, waaye dañuy tax volume bi gëna yokk. Ginaaw 30 cycle ci 0.2C, ñu ngi wéy di am kàttan gu rëy guñu mëna delloo ci 1015 mA·h/g.
Ci sistem yu boole CoO1 yu am ñaari mbir wala lu ëpp, effet synergique bi am ci digganté mbir yi mën na yokk performance electrochimique bi. Ci misaal, boole oxide cobalt ak macceer yu am carbon - wala yeneen oxide metal mën na yokk bu baax performance ak stabilite cycling. Loolu waral ñu gëna bàyyi seen xel ci jëmmal ak defar sistem yuñ boole ci xam-xam boobu.
ZnO
Oxyde zinc itam xëcc na xel mu bari ci nekk macceer anode ci batëri lithium{0}}ion ndax kàttan gi mu am ci theorie, njëg bu yomb, yombal waajal, ak morphologie yu bari. ZnO dafay jaxasoo ak litium ci anam wu boole aleage (muy forme Li–Zn alloy) ak soppi (muy forme Li2O). Kàttan mën na yegg ba 978 mA·h/g, muy lu ëpp bu baax anode graphite yi. Waaye, oxide zinc dafay am jafe-jafe yoonale kuuraŋ bu baax, yaatu/gëna wàññeeku bu metti ci diiru cycle charge–decharge yu bari, ak defar Li2O bu bari bu dul liggéey ci diiru cycling. Loolu moo waral electrode ZnO yi di gaawa yàqu, baña mëna def seen liggéey bu baax. Ngir saafara jafe-jafe yooyu, gëstukat yi dañu jël pexe yu melni morphologie ak seytu structure, coating carbon, doping ak heteroatomes, ak defar ay composite yu bawoo ci ZnO- ak substrat yu am doole lool. Pexe yooyu dañuy faral di gëna mëna denc litium ndax dañu boole pexe yu bari yuñ koy soppi, ba noppi yenn composé zincate metal yi dañuy wane itam màndarga electrochimique yu baax.
4. MP1
Ci at yii ñu weesu, nit ñu bari dañu bàyyi xel ci phosphide metal yi ci jëfandikoo macceer anode ci batëri lithium{0}}ion ci at yii weesu. Composé yooyu dañuy faral di jaxasoo ak litium ci anam wu ñuy soppi, te dañuy faral di am kàttan theorik yu rëy ndax dañuy jaxasoo ci toxal electron yu bari ci formule bu nekk. Waaye, dañuy faral di am jafe-jafe ci yaatuwaayu volume bu rëy ci diiru lithiation/delithiation, loolu mooy indi pulverisation ak ñàkka jottali kuuraŋ diggante particule yiy doxal ak collector courant bi, te loolu dafay gàllankoor seen jëfandikoo gi.
Amoon na ci phosphide yu bawoo ci wen, kobalt, nikel, ak përëm, ñu jàngat leen bu baax ci at yii weesu. Bu ñu jëlee misaalu phosphide fer, seen kàttan mën yegg ba 500–1800 mA·h/g. Rax ci dolli, phosphide wen yi dañuy wane voltage dencukaay litium bu gëna rëy (0.5–1 V vs. Li+/Li) oxide wen yi ak sulfide wen yi, loolu dafay wàññi risku forme dendrite litium ci diiru sarse bu gaaw. Rax ci dolli, phosphides metal yi dañuy wane yoonale kuuraŋ bu gëna mag yeneen oxides metal yi ko méngoo, te loolu dafa am njariñ ci yokk performance yi. Kon, jëmmal gis-gis bu jaar yoon ci nanostructure phosphide metal ak seeni composite ak ay macceer yu am karbon, nekk na yoon wu am solo ci gëstu ci xam-xam bii. Ay misaal ñooy Ni2P, NiP2, NiP3, Ni5P4, CoP, Co2P, CoP3, FeP, FeP2, Cu3P, ak ñoom seen. Ni2P ak Li–Ni–P composé ternaire mën nañu sax def interkalaasioŋ/deinterkalaasioŋ ion lithium bu gaaw ndax seen jëmmal ak seen yoonale kuuraŋ bu rëy.